MPs voted 151 for him, 98 against while eight abstained during an open session late Satruday.
Eslami replaced Abbas Akhoundi who stepped down on October 20 and President Rouhani accepted his resignation.
Born in Isfahan in 1956, Eslami is a graduate of civil engineering from the Ohio State University.
He was governor general of Mazandaran province until he was named minister of road and urban development by President Rouhani.
On Saturday, Rouhani defended his nominees for the ministries of economy, cooperatives, industries and roads during an open session of parliament, stressing that they are highly qualified to help navigate the country through the current challenging time.
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